Article · Compliance

Cyprus UBO register: confirmation by 31 December

Two figures about the UBO register are circulating wrongly, and one deadline is running right now while most overviews do not mention it at all.

By Alexander Volkhine3 min read
€5,000 capwindow to 31.12.€100 on day one
A close-up of wooden filing drawers

cottonbro studio / Pexels

What is a beneficial owner?

The beneficial owner is the human being who ultimately owns a company, even where another company appears in the commercial register. In Cyprus it is generally whoever holds more than 25 percent of the shares or voting rights. The UBO register is the record in which those people appear, so that not only the chain of companies is visible but the person behind it.

In short

Every company registered in Cyprus, every European Company and every partnership must enter its beneficial owners in the registrar's register and confirm the details once a year. The confirmation window for 2026 runs from 1 October to 31 December 2026; the registrar announced it on 16 September 2026. Anyone who misses the confirmation pays €100 for the first day and €50 for each further day, capped at €5,000 per company. That cap was lowered in December 2024: many overviews still quote €200 for the first day and a cap of €20,000, and both are out of date. The fine falls on the company, not personally on the directors. A beneficial owner is generally anyone holding more than 25 % of the shares or voting rights; if nobody can be identified, the details of the senior managing officials are entered instead.

  • €5,000Maximum fine per company, since December 2024
  • €20,000The out-of-date figure still circulating
  • €100Fine for the first day of default
  • €50For each further day
  • 1.10. to 31.12.Confirmation window 2026
  • 25 %Holding from which somebody counts as an owner
Accounting that knows these deadlinesVolk Accountant keeps invoices, receipts and VAT for Cyprus companies in one place.
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The deadline that is running right now

On 16 September 2026 the registrar announced that the annual confirmation window for the register of beneficial owners opens on 1 October 2026 and closes on 31 December 2026.

Practically every legal form registered in Cyprus is affected:

  • companies under the Companies Law Cap. 113
  • European Companies (SE)
  • partnerships

What is confirmed are the details of the beneficial owners, or failing that of the senior managing officials or of the due diligence records.

Fine: €5,000, not €20,000

Here many overviews quote a figure that has been out of date for nearly two years.

Old, to December 2024 Current
First day €200 €100
Each further day €100 €50
Cap €20,000 €5,000

The reduction took effect in December 2024. Anyone reading an overview today that quotes €20,000 is reading a position from before the change.

According to the sources we checked, the fine falls on the company and not personally on the directors.

To December 2024 €20,000 Since then €5,000
The cap on the fine was lowered in December 2024. Many overviews still carry the old figure.

Who counts as a beneficial owner

The rule is simpler than it sounds: more than 25 % of the shares or voting rights, directly or through further companies.

Two points that are regularly overlooked:

Indirect holdings count. Anyone holding a Cyprus company through a holding company in another country is still a beneficial owner. The chain is worked through, not cut off at the first link.

There is always an entry. If nobody can be identified above the 25 percent threshold, the senior managing officials are entered instead. A company with no entry at all is not contemplated.

Why this obligation so often slips through

It has no natural trigger.

The corporate tax return gets noticed because a tax hangs on it. The VAT return gets noticed because money moves quarterly. The annual return HE32 gets noticed because the accounts hang on it, see the guide to the annual return.

The UBO confirmation hangs on nothing. No money moves, no document arises, no provider automatically reminds you. It is a statement that everything is as before, and that is precisely why it gets lost.

What we could not substantiate

  • The 90-day deadline for new companies. Several law firm pages quote 90 days after incorporation for the first filing and 45 days for changes. That does not appear in the registrar’s official announcement. The deadlines may be right; we do not present them as settled.
  • Whether the cap applies per company. One source reads it that way; we found no official confirmation. For a structure with several Cyprus companies that is the difference between €5,000 and a multiple of it.
  • The exact scope of access. Since the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 22 November 2022, unrestricted public access is not permitted. Exactly how Cyprus regulates access for persons with a legitimate interest we did not examine conclusively.

If a decision of yours hangs on one of these points, it belongs with somebody who puts their name to the answer: Cyprus setup from one place.

Bookkeeping: the deadlines in one place

The UBO confirmation is the textbook case of an obligation that hangs on no payment and therefore has no reason to come to anyone’s attention.

What else falls due in Cyprus and when is in the overview of tax deadlines. In Volk Accountant the company details sit in companies, and your accountant sees the same position through the accountant portal, without anybody sending them anything.

On this page
FAQ

The UBO register in Cyprus: common questions.

By when do I have to file the 2026 confirmation?

By 31 December 2026. The window opened on 1 October 2026, announced by the registrar on 16 September 2026. The confirmation is not a new entry: even if nothing has changed, you have to confirm once a year that the details on file are still correct.

How high is the fine really?

€100 for the first day of default, then €50 for each further day, up to a maximum of €5,000 per company. Many guides still quote €200 and a cap of €20,000. Those figures applied until the reduction in December 2024 and have been wrong since.

Are the directors personally liable?

According to the sources we checked, the fine falls on the company and not personally on the directors. That does not mean it is without consequence: the company pays, and whoever runs it answers for the default internally.

Who counts as a beneficial owner?

Generally any natural person holding more than 25 % of the shares or voting rights, directly or through further companies. If nobody can be identified that way, for instance with widely dispersed ownership, the senior managing officials are entered instead. There is no such thing as a company with no entry.

What applies to a newly formed company?

Several law firm pages quote a deadline of 90 days after incorporation for the first filing and 45 days for filing changes. We did not find those deadlines in the registrar's official announcement. We therefore pass them on as the usual figure, not as a settled deadline, and advise checking with the registrar.

Does the cap apply per company or to the whole structure?

According to one of the sources we checked, per company. On that reading, anyone holding five Cyprus companies can reach five times €5,000. We found no official confirmation of that reading, and it is the point at which a structure becomes expensive quickly.

Who can see the entries?

Not everybody. Following the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 22 November 2022, unrestricted public access to registers of beneficial owners is not permitted. Access is available to authorities and to obliged entities under anti-money-laundering law, such as banks, as well as to persons with a legitimate interest. Exactly how Cyprus handles access we did not examine conclusively for this article.

Cyprus accounting software compared

We put Volk Accountant openly next to other providers, with a source and a date checked behind every detail.

Sources

Content reviewed on 16 October 2026. Not tax advice: this page explains the general rules. Your accountant decides what applies to your case.

Deadlines that are not in any calendar

The UBO confirmation appears in no tax return and therefore slips through. Volk Accountant keeps the Cyprus deadlines in one place, together with the books. From €29 a month.

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